Linking TOEFL iBT® writing rubrics to CEFR levels: Cut scores and validity evidence from a standard setting study

Automated Trait Scores for TOEFL® Writing Tasks

Error Taxonomy of TOEFL iBT Writing: An Iranian Perspective

TOEFL iBT has turned recently heads to the impacts language tests can have on language learning. Since error analysis-based instruction has gained a new life with the advent of the computer analysis of the learner’s language, the researchers of this study embarked on examining a sample of integrated and independent writing tasks of 45 Iranian TOEFL iBT candidates in order to identify and classi...

Construct validity in TOEFL iBT speaking tasks: Insights from natural language processing

This study explores the construct validity of speaking tasks included in the TOEFL iBT (e.g., integrated and independent speaking tasks). Specifically, advanced natural language processing (NLP) tools, MANOVA difference statistics, and discriminant function analyses (DFA) are used to assess the degree to which and in what ways responses to these tasks differ with regard to linguistic characteri...

Standard-setting methodology: Establishing performance standards and setting cut-scores to assist score interpretation.

A critical step in the development and use of tests of physical fitness for employment purposes (e.g., fitness for duty) is to establish 1 or more cut points, dividing the test score range into 2 or more ordered categories reflecting, for example, fail/pass decisions. Over the last 3 decades elaborated theories and methods have evolved focusing on the process of establishing 1 or more cut-score...

Automated Subscores for TOEFL iBT Independent Essays